This repository contains the cleaned, aggregated, and anonymized sensor and reference data underlying the analyses presented in the following publications:
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Smart Care Assist Zeinzinger, Martina. Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, 2025. https://www.drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00036840/details
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Lessons Learned from Ground-Truth Collection for Multimodal Bed Monitoring. Zeinzinger, Martina; Schwarz, Stephanie; Wollitzer, Elias; Eibensteiner, Florian; Hanner, Belinda; Ehrenmüller, Irmtraud; Langer, Josef. In 20th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare, 2026. DOI: [DOI / PLACEHOLDER] - not published yet
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In Review: Ground Truth as Care Work: A Mixed-Methods Sociotechnical Analysis of Multimodal Bed Monitoring in Long-Term Care Zeinzinger, Martina; Schwarz, Stephanie; Hanner, Belinda; Wollitzer, Elias; Ehrenmüller, Irmtraud; Eibensteiner, Florian; Langer, Josef. In Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, 2026. DOI: [DOI / PLACEHOLDER] - updated in case of accaptance
The data were collected during a multi-center field study investigating the benefits of smart assist systems in long-term care. The project was funded by the INTERREG VI-A Program Bavaria–Austria 2021–2027, Smart Care Assist (BA0100035).
The publicly released dataset contains data from incontinence pad sensors, movement mats, and associated reference observations.
This repository is intended to provide access to the data underlying the analyses reported in the associated publications.
When using these data, please cite the corresponding publication(s) and this dataset/repository.
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├── csv_export/
│ ├── inco-pad_cache.csv
│ ├── inco-pad_status.csv
│ ├── inco-pad_referenz.csv
│ ├── movement-pad_cache.csv
│ ├── movement-pad_status.csv
│ ├── movement-pad_referenz.csv
│ └── ref-system_movement-pad_referenz.csv
├── measurement_statistics.csv
└── README.md
All data files are provided as semicolon-separated CSV files.
The repository contains only the data required for or relevant to the analyses reported in the associated publications. Additional study-internal data are not included in the public release.
Three sensor systems were used during the study:
- inco-pad – an incontinence pad sensor,
- movement-pad – a movement mat, and
- ref-system – a reference system for movement measurement.
The reference system was always used together with a movement pad.
The raw measurement and status data of the reference system are not included in this public dataset, as these data were limited in quantity and quality and were not used in the analyses presented in the associated publications.
Reference observations collected during dedicated two-hour observation periods are included in ref-system_movement-pad_referenz.csv, as described below.
Contains the individual measurement points recorded by the incontinence pad sensors.
The data include the measurement timestamp, sensor hardware identifier, package/sequence information, and the sensor-specific measurement values.
Contains the individual measurement points recorded by the movement mats.
The data include the measurement timestamp, sensor hardware identifier, package/sequence information, and the sensor-specific measurement values.
Contains status messages generated by the incontinence pad sensors.
Status messages can be generated periodically or when a relevant sensor status changes. Depending on the event, status information can include connection state, occupancy, moisture detection, offline state, sequence information, and device uptime.
Contains status messages generated by the movement mats.
The available status fields are specific to the sensor system.
The study included reference observations recorded during care activities as well as dedicated continuous observation periods.
Contains reference observations associated with the incontinence pad sensors.
These observations were recorded sporadically during routine nursing/care activities rather than continuously throughout the measurement period.
Contains reference observations associated with the movement mats.
These observations were also recorded sporadically during routine nursing/care activities.
Whenever a reference movement system was used together with a movement mat, the observations recorded for the movement mat also served as reference observations for the corresponding reference-system measurement.
Contains reference observations from dedicated two-hour continuous 1:1 observation periods.
For these observation periods, a movement mat and a reference movement system were always used together. The observations therefore provide continuous reference information for the corresponding movement measurements over a defined two-hour period.
This file is separate from movement-pad_referenz.csv because the observation procedures differ:
movement-pad_referenz.csvcontains sporadic observations recorded during routine care activities.ref-system_movement-pad_referenz.csvcontains continuous observations collected during dedicated two-hour observation periods.
The underlying raw measurement and status data of the reference system are not part of the public dataset.
This file summarizes the amount of measurement data available for the different datasets and study centers.
It contains:
- total number of measurement entries,
- number of measurement entries per study center,
- total number of measurement days, and
- number of measurement days per study center.
The study centers are represented by anonymized identifiers.
The publicly released files may contain a sensor SSID, which is a unique and immutable hardware identifier of a physical sensor.
The same physical sensor could be used for different participants and at different study centers during the study. Therefore, an SSID identifies a device and must not be interpreted as a participant identifier.
Participant identifiers were removed from the data files before public release.
The participant-to-sensor and sensor-to-center assignment tables are not included in this repository.
Consequently, the public repository does not provide a mapping between sensor hardware identifiers and individual study participants.
Study-center names and other information that could identify the participating centers are not included in the public dataset. Study centers are represented only by anonymized identifiers where required for the published statistics.
The data in this repository are processed versions of the data collected during the field study.
Before public release, the data were cleaned, aggregated where applicable, and anonymized.
In particular:
- participant identifiers were removed from the published data;
- the participant-to-sensor assignment table was not released;
- study centers are represented using anonymized identifiers;
- the reference-system raw measurement and status data were not released;
- only data relevant to the analyses and publications were included.
The original raw data and information linking study participants to their real-world identities are not included in this repository.
Users of the dataset must not attempt to identify participants, study centers, or other individuals from the published data.
All data are provided as CSV files with the following format:
- field separator:
; - decimal separator:
,where applicable - timestamps: ISO 8601 format in UTC, e.g.
2025-03-14T13:32:31Z - missing values: empty fields
The individual files contain sensor-specific variables and therefore do not all have the same column structure.
| File | Description |
|---|---|
inco-pad_cache.csv |
Individual measurement points from the incontinence pad sensors |
inco-pad_status.csv |
Status messages from the incontinence pad sensors |
inco-pad_referenz.csv |
Sporadic reference observations associated with the incontinence pad sensors |
movement-pad_cache.csv |
Individual measurement points from the movement mats |
movement-pad_status.csv |
Status messages from the movement mats |
movement-pad_referenz.csv |
Sporadic reference observations associated with the movement mats and, where applicable, the reference system |
ref-system_movement-pad_referenz.csv |
Continuous two-hour reference observations for movement-pad/reference-system combinations |
measurement_statistics.csv |
Measurement counts and measurement days by dataset and study center |
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
time |
Timestamp of the measurement, status event, or reference observation in UTC |
SSID |
Unique hardware identifier of the respective sensor |
Package Number |
Package/measurement sequence number |
seq |
Sensor-specific sequence information |
The cache_C and cache_R variables in the sensor measurement files contain sensor-specific measurement values.
Status variables are sensor-specific.
For example, the incontinence pad status data contain information such as:
Angesteckt– connection status,belegt– occupancy status,nass– detected wetness,offline– sensor offline status,seq– sequence information, anduptime– device uptime.
The reference datasets contain manually recorded observations related to continence and movement events.
These include observations such as:
- wetness/moisture,
- pad occupancy,
- pad changes,
- lying down,
- body position,
- sitting in bed,
- sitting at the edge of the bed, and
- related care observations.
The analysis code used for the associated publications is not included in this repository.
The associated publications describe the methods and statistical analyses used to obtain the reported results. The dataset published here contains the data underlying these analyses.
The analysis code is retained by the authors and may be made available separately where required by the associated publication or for specific reproducibility requests.
[LICENSE TO BE CONFIRMED BEFORE PUBLIC RELEASE]
The dataset is intended for reuse in accordance with the applicable ethical, legal, and data-protection requirements.
If approved for unrestricted open reuse, the dataset will be released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
Under CC BY 4.0, users may share and adapt the dataset, including for commercial purposes, provided that appropriate attribution is given and the dataset is cited.
License information should be read together with the restrictions described in this README and the applicable legal and ethical requirements.
The data were collected as part of an ethically approved study.
Participants were informed that their data would only be passed on and published in anonymized form.
The publicly released dataset has therefore been processed to remove participant identifiers and does not contain the internal participant-to-sensor assignment table.
Users of the dataset must not attempt to re-identify participants or study centers.
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Translated Statement of the “Ethikkommission des Landes Vorarlberg” from 03.09.2024, based on application EK-2-7/2024, dated 26.06.2024:
There is no objection to the conduct of this study in its present form. Reason: The submitted project is a relevant question that should be answered with suitable methodology.
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Translated Statement of the “Ehtikkommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pflegewissenschaften” from 07.05.2025, based on application 25-009, dated 07.03.2025:
The Ethics Committee of the DG Nursing Science has received your application „Smart Care Assist“ and hereby grants you the ethical clearing.
In accordance with the ethical committees responsible the following process was elaborated: Based on a detailed participant information sheet (approved by the ethics committees), each participant was informed by a qualified healthcare professional about the study, the nature of their participation, and any potential risks associated with involvement. The information sheet was provided to the participant, and all remaining questions were addressed prior to enrollment. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant or, where applicable, from their legally authorized representative if they voluntarily agreed to participate in the study.
Dataset version: 1.1
Release date: 25 September 2026
For questions regarding the dataset, study design, or associated publications, please contact:
Embedded Systems Lab / Martina Zeinzinger University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria martina.zeinzinger@fh-hagenberg.at