diff --git a/src/mod_privilege.erl b/src/mod_privilege.erl
index 2597ac8fe66..8b7fe061200 100644
--- a/src/mod_privilege.erl
+++ b/src/mod_privilege.erl
@@ -214,7 +214,8 @@ component_connected(Host) ->
       fun(ServerHost) ->
 	      Proc = gen_mod:get_module_proc_check(ServerHost, ?MODULE),
 	      gen_server:cast(Proc, {component_connected, Host})
-      end, ejabberd_option:hosts()).
+      end, [H || H <- ejabberd_option:hosts(),
+	    gen_mod:is_loaded(H, ?MODULE)]).
 
 -spec component_disconnected(binary(), binary()) -> ok.
 component_disconnected(Host, _Reason) ->
@@ -222,7 +223,8 @@ component_disconnected(Host, _Reason) ->
       fun(ServerHost) ->
 	      Proc = gen_mod:get_module_proc_check(ServerHost, ?MODULE),
 	      gen_server:cast(Proc, {component_disconnected, Host})
-      end, ejabberd_option:hosts()).
+      end, [H || H <- ejabberd_option:hosts(),
+	    gen_mod:is_loaded(H, ?MODULE)]).
 
 %%
 %% Message processing
@@ -266,12 +268,16 @@ component_send_packet({#iq{from = From,
                            type = Type} =
                            IQ,
                        State})
-    when Type /= error ->
+    when Type == get; Type == set ->
     Host = From#jid.lserver,
     ServerHost = To#jid.lserver,
     Permissions = get_permissions(ServerHost),
     Result =
         case {maps:find(Host, Permissions), get_iq_encapsulated_details(IQ)} of
+            {_, {unprivileged_iq}} ->
+                ?DEBUG("Component ~ts sent a not-wrapped IQ stanza, routing it as-is.",
+                       [From#jid.lserver]),
+                IQ;
             {{ok, Access}, {privileged_iq, EncapType, EncapNs, EncapFrom, EncIq}}
                 when (EncapType == Type) and ((EncapFrom == undefined) or (EncapFrom == To)) ->
                 NsPermissions = proplists:get_value(iq, Access, []),
@@ -307,10 +313,6 @@ component_send_packet({#iq{from = From,
                           "IQ stanza and the TO in top-level IQ stanza do not match",
                           []),
                 drop;
-            {_, {unprivileged_iq}} ->
-                ?DEBUG("Component ~ts sent a not-wrapped IQ stanza, routing it as-is.",
-                       [From#jid.lserver]),
-                IQ;
             {_, {error, ErrType, _Err}} ->
                 ?INFO_MSG("IQ not forwarded: Component tried to send not valid IQ stanza: ~p.",
                           [ErrType]),
diff --git a/test/ejabberd_SUITE.erl b/test/ejabberd_SUITE.erl
index 50699812df4..e58e4e8a799 100644
--- a/test/ejabberd_SUITE.erl
+++ b/test/ejabberd_SUITE.erl
@@ -556,6 +556,9 @@ component_tests() ->
        test_missing_to,
        test_invalid_from,
        test_component_send,
+       test_component_privilege,
+       test_component_privilege_vhosts,
+       test_component_privilege_result,
        bad_nonza,
        codec_failure]}].
 
@@ -831,6 +834,82 @@ test_component_send(Config) ->
 			      sub_els = [#ping{}]}),
     disconnect(Config).
 
+test_component_privilege(Config) ->
+    Server = ?COMMON_VHOST,
+    Host = jid:make(Server),
+    Upload = jid:make(?UPLOAD_VHOST),
+    User = jid:make(<<"test_privilege">>, Server),
+    From = server_jid(Config),
+    %% Without privileges, plain IQs go to the host and to a service
+    %% that is not a host, as if mod_privilege were not loaded (#4472)
+    #iq{type = result, from = Upload} =
+	send_recv(Config, #iq{type = get, to = Upload, from = From,
+			      sub_els = [#disco_info{}]}),
+    gen_mod:update_module(Server, mod_privilege,
+			  #{iq => [{?NS_PING, [{both, all}]}]}),
+    ejabberd_hooks:run(component_connected, [From#jid.lserver]),
+    ?recv1(#message{from = Host, sub_els = [#privilege{}]}),
+    %% With privileges, plain IQs still go anywhere
+    #iq{type = result, from = Host} =
+	send_recv(Config, #iq{type = get, to = Host, from = From,
+			      sub_els = [#ping{}]}),
+    #iq{type = result, from = Upload} =
+	send_recv(Config, #iq{type = get, to = Upload, from = From,
+			      sub_els = [#disco_info{}]}),
+    %% A privileged IQ in a granted namespace is forwarded
+    #iq{type = result, from = User,
+	sub_els = [#privilege{forwarded = #forwarded{sub_els = [_]}}]} =
+	send_recv(Config, #iq{type = get, to = User, from = From,
+			      sub_els = [#privileged_iq{
+					    iq = #iq{type = get, to = User, from = User,
+						     sub_els = [#ping{}]}}]}),
+    %% A privileged IQ in a namespace not granted is dropped
+    send(Config, #iq{type = get, to = User, from = From,
+		     sub_els = [#privileged_iq{
+				   iq = #iq{type = get, to = User, from = User,
+					    sub_els = [#disco_info{}]}}]}),
+    ID = send(Config, #iq{type = get, to = Host, from = From,
+			  sub_els = [#ping{}]}),
+    ?recv1(#iq{type = result, id = ID, from = Host}),
+    gen_mod:update_module(Server, mod_privilege, #{iq => []}),
+    disconnect(Config).
+
+test_component_privilege_vhosts(Config) ->
+    %% mod_privilege is loaded on a vhost that comes after vhosts
+    %% that do not load it: the component still gets its privileges there
+    Server = ?MNESIA_VHOST,
+    From = server_jid(Config),
+    Modules = ejabberd_option:modules(Server),
+    Opts = #{roster => [{both, none}, {get, none}, {set, none}],
+	     iq => [{?NS_PING, [{both, all}]}],
+	     presence => [{managed_entity, none}, {roster, none}],
+	     message => [{outgoing, none}]},
+    %% The suite's configuration may load mod_privilege everywhere:
+    %% start it here with this vhost's own options
+    Loaded = gen_mod:is_loaded(Server, mod_privilege),
+    Loaded andalso gen_mod:stop_module(Server, mod_privilege),
+    ejabberd_config:set_option({modules, Server},
+			       [{mod_privilege, Opts, 0} | Modules]),
+    {ok, _} = gen_mod:start_module(Server, mod_privilege),
+    ejabberd_hooks:run(component_connected, [From#jid.lserver]),
+    ?recv1(#message{from = #jid{lserver = Server}, sub_els = [#privilege{}]}),
+    gen_mod:stop_module(Server, mod_privilege),
+    ejabberd_config:set_option({modules, Server}, Modules),
+    Loaded andalso gen_mod:start_module(Server, mod_privilege),
+    disconnect(Config).
+
+test_component_privilege_result(Config) ->
+    %% A component's answer to an IQ from the server, a result without a
+    %% payload (a push service's to mod_push), is routed as it is: it is
+    %% not a privileged IQ, which only a get or a set can be
+    From = server_jid(Config),
+    To = jid:make(?COMMON_VHOST),
+    IQ = #iq{type = result, id = p1_rand:get_string(), from = From, to = To},
+    {IQ, state} = mod_privilege:component_send_packet({IQ, state}),
+    Err = IQ#iq{type = error, sub_els = [xmpp:err_service_unavailable()]},
+    {Err, state} = mod_privilege:component_send_packet({Err, state}),
+    disconnect(Config).
+
 s2s_dialback(Config) ->
     Server = ?config(server, Config),
     ejabberd_s2s:stop_s2s_connections(),
diff --git a/test/ejabberd_SUITE_data/ejabberd.yml b/test/ejabberd_SUITE_data/ejabberd.yml
index e136fd84748..d28dfc802f1 100644
--- a/test/ejabberd_SUITE_data/ejabberd.yml
+++ b/test/ejabberd_SUITE_data/ejabberd.yml
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ modules:
   mod_configure: []
   mod_disco: []
   mod_ping: []
+  mod_privilege: []
   mod_proxy65:
     port: PROXY_PORT
     vcard: VCARD