diff --git a/source/source_base/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_base/CMakeLists.txt
index 2637e3f4412..f940ba77cf1 100644
--- a/source/source_base/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_base/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ add_library(
     mymath.cpp
     opt_CG.cpp
     opt_DCsrch.cpp
+    output.cpp
     para_gemm.cpp
     realarray.cpp
     sph_bessel_recursive-d1.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_io/module_output/output.cpp b/source/source_base/output.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from source/source_io/module_output/output.cpp
rename to source/source_base/output.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_io/module_output/output.h b/source/source_base/output.h
similarity index 96%
rename from source/source_io/module_output/output.h
rename to source/source_base/output.h
index 3bc0671dd02..0dbaafbaea9 100644
--- a/source/source_io/module_output/output.h
+++ b/source/source_base/output.h
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 #ifndef OUTPUT_H
 #define OUTPUT_H
 
-#include "../../source_base/realarray.h"
-#include "../../source_base/matrix3.h"
-#include "../../source_base/complexmatrix.h"
-#include "../../source_base/matrix.h"
+#include "realarray.h"
+#include "matrix3.h"
+#include "complexmatrix.h"
+#include "matrix.h"
 class output
 {
 public:
diff --git a/source/source_cell/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_cell/CMakeLists.txt
index 3c1741ca2e2..d6de55e0635 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_cell/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ add_library(
     cell_index.cpp
     check_atomic_stru.cpp
     update_cell.cpp
+    magnetism.cpp
     bcast_cell.cpp
     read_stru.cpp
     print_cell.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_cell/atom_spec.cpp b/source/source_cell/atom_spec.cpp
index 5c989191620..2321934fb95 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/atom_spec.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/atom_spec.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "atom_spec.h"
 #include "source_io/module_parameter/parameter.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 #include <cstdlib>
 
 Atom::Atom()
diff --git a/source/source_estate/magnetism.cpp b/source/source_cell/magnetism.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from source/source_estate/magnetism.cpp
rename to source/source_cell/magnetism.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_estate/magnetism.h b/source/source_cell/magnetism.h
similarity index 100%
rename from source/source_estate/magnetism.h
rename to source/source_cell/magnetism.h
diff --git a/source/source_cell/module_neighbor/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_cell/module_neighbor/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 3d891aa20c3..514476e1d3e 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/module_neighbor/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_cell/module_neighbor/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_NEIGHBOR_sltk_grid
   LIBS parameter ${math_libs} base device cell_info 
   SOURCES sltk_grid_test.cpp ../sltk_grid.cpp ../sltk_atom.cpp
-    ../../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+
 )
 
 AddTest(
@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ AddTest(
   LIBS parameter ${math_libs} base device cell_info 
   SOURCES sltk_atom_arrange_test.cpp  ../sltk_atom_arrange.cpp ../sltk_grid_driver.cpp ../sltk_grid.cpp
   ../sltk_atom.cpp
-  ../../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+
 )
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/symm_analysis.cpp b/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/symm_analysis.cpp
index 16bd470ff33..be041f0ffd8 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/symm_analysis.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/symm_analysis.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "symmetry.h"
 #include "source_io/module_parameter/parameter.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 
 using namespace ModuleSymmetry;
 
diff --git a/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/test/symmetry_test_analysis.cpp b/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/test/symmetry_test_analysis.cpp
index 1ca197c032d..f6ba3cccfa2 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/test/symmetry_test_analysis.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/test/symmetry_test_analysis.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "symmetry_test_cases.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 #include "mpi.h"
 /************************************************
  *  unit test of class Symmetry
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
  * is different from its point group.
  ***********************************************/
 // mock the useless functions
-void output::printM3(std::ofstream &ofs, const std::string &description, const ModuleBase::Matrix3 &m){}
 pseudo::pseudo()
 {
 }
diff --git a/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/test/symmetry_test_symtrz.cpp b/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/test/symmetry_test_symtrz.cpp
index 45ea873e3f7..8d5f2985c88 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/test/symmetry_test_symtrz.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/module_symmetry/test/symmetry_test_symtrz.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "symmetry_test_cases.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 #include "mpi.h"
 
 /************************************************
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
  *
 ***********************************************/
 // mock the useless functions
-void output::printM3(std::ofstream& ofs, const std::string& description, const ModuleBase::Matrix3& m) {}
 pseudo::pseudo() {}
 pseudo::~pseudo() {}
 Atom::Atom() {}
diff --git a/source/source_cell/pseudo.cpp b/source/source_cell/pseudo.cpp
index 70785839f2d..c9a057e3a71 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/pseudo.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/pseudo.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "pseudo.h"
 #include "source_base/tool_title.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 #include <cstdint>
 
 pseudo::pseudo()
diff --git a/source/source_cell/read_atom_species.cpp b/source/source_cell/read_atom_species.cpp
index 4c78551c9bb..0b9d7dcac36 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/read_atom_species.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/read_atom_species.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 #include "read_stru.h"
 
+#include <sstream>
+
 #include "source_io/module_parameter/parameter.h"
 #include "source_base/tool_title.h"
-#ifdef __EXX
-#include "source_lcao/module_ri/serialization_cereal.h"
-#endif
 #include "source_hamilt/module_xc/exx_info.h" // use GlobalC::exx_info
 
 namespace unitcell
diff --git a/source/source_cell/sep.cpp b/source/source_cell/sep.cpp
index bd55f3c06b7..a154f897997 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/sep.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/sep.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "source_base/global_variable.h"
 #include "source_base/parallel_common.h"
 #include "source_base/tool_title.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 
 #include <fstream>
 #include <sstream>
diff --git a/source/source_cell/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_cell/test/CMakeLists.txt
index d508a115a2e..2fe067787a4 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_cell/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -46,40 +46,40 @@ AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_read_pp
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device
   SOURCES read_pp_test.cpp ../atom_pseudo.cpp ../pseudo.cpp ../read_pp.cpp ../read_pp_complete.cpp ../read_pp_upf201.cpp ../read_pp_upf100.cpp ../read_pp_vwr.cpp ../read_pp_blps.cpp
-  ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_pseudo_nc
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device
   SOURCES pseudo_nc_test.cpp ../pseudo.cpp ../atom_pseudo.cpp ../read_pp.cpp ../read_pp_complete.cpp ../read_pp_upf201.cpp ../read_pp_upf100.cpp ../read_pp_vwr.cpp
-  	../read_pp_blps.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  	../read_pp_blps.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_atom_pseudo
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device
   SOURCES atom_pseudo_test.cpp ../atom_pseudo.cpp ../pseudo.cpp ../read_pp.cpp ../read_pp_complete.cpp ../read_pp_upf201.cpp ../read_pp_upf100.cpp
-  	../read_pp_vwr.cpp ../read_pp_blps.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  	../read_pp_vwr.cpp ../read_pp_blps.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_atom_spec
   LIBS parameter ${math_libs} base device
   SOURCES atom_spec_test.cpp ../atom_spec.cpp ../atom_pseudo.cpp ../pseudo.cpp ../read_pp.cpp ../read_pp_complete.cpp ../read_pp_upf201.cpp
-  	../read_pp_upf100.cpp ../read_pp_vwr.cpp ../read_pp_blps.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  	../read_pp_upf100.cpp ../read_pp_vwr.cpp ../read_pp_blps.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_klist_test
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device symmetry
-  SOURCES klist_test.cpp ../klist.cpp ../parallel_kpoints.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp ../k_vector_utils.cpp
+  SOURCES klist_test.cpp ../klist.cpp ../parallel_kpoints.cpp ../k_vector_utils.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_klist_test_para1
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device symmetry
-  SOURCES klist_test_para.cpp ../klist.cpp ../parallel_kpoints.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp ../k_vector_utils.cpp
+  SOURCES klist_test_para.cpp ../klist.cpp ../parallel_kpoints.cpp ../k_vector_utils.cpp
 )
 
 add_test(NAME MODULE_CELL_klist_test_para4
@@ -139,26 +139,26 @@ add_test(NAME MODULE_CELL_parallel_kpoints_test
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_unitcell_test
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device cell_info  symmetry
-  SOURCES unitcell_test.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp ../../source_estate/cal_ux.cpp
+  SOURCES unitcell_test.cpp ../../source_estate/cal_ux.cpp
 
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_unitcell_test_readpp
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device cell_info
-  SOURCES unitcell_test_readpp.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  SOURCES unitcell_test_readpp.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_unitcell_test_para
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device cell_info
-  SOURCES unitcell_test_para.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  SOURCES unitcell_test_para.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_CELL_unitcell_test_setupcell
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device cell_info
-  SOURCES unitcell_test_setupcell.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  SOURCES unitcell_test_setupcell.cpp
 )
 
 add_test(NAME MODULE_CELL_unitcell_test_parallel
diff --git a/source/source_cell/test/klist_test.cpp b/source/source_cell/test/klist_test.cpp
index 57b7eac90ad..2644eb9140f 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/test/klist_test.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/test/klist_test.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "source_cell/pseudo.h"
 #include "source_cell/setup_nonlocal.h"
 #include "source_cell/unitcell.h"
-#include "source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "source_cell/magnetism.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/vl_pw.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/vnl_pw.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/parallel_grid.h"
diff --git a/source/source_cell/test/klist_test_para.cpp b/source/source_cell/test/klist_test_para.cpp
index d37d2da5168..1dd36bdfbf0 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/test/klist_test_para.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/test/klist_test_para.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include "source_cell/pseudo.h"
 #include "source_cell/setup_nonlocal.h"
 #include "source_cell/unitcell.h"
-#include "source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "source_cell/magnetism.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/vl_pw.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/vnl_pw.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/parallel_grid.h"
diff --git a/source/source_cell/test/read_atoms_helper_test.cpp b/source/source_cell/test/read_atoms_helper_test.cpp
index 39336cd4a0c..f5580f00bd4 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/test/read_atoms_helper_test.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/test/read_atoms_helper_test.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "../read_atoms_helper.h"
 #include "source_base/vector3.h"
 #include "source_base/matrix3.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 #include <sstream>
 #include <fstream>
 
@@ -15,15 +15,6 @@ namespace elecstate {
     }
 }
 
-// Mock output class methods
-void output::printM3(std::ofstream& ofs, const std::string& description, const ModuleBase::Matrix3& m) {
-    // Mock implementation
-}
-
-void output::printrm(std::ofstream& ofs, const std::string& description, const ModuleBase::matrix& m, const double& limit) {
-    // Mock implementation
-}
-
 // Mock InfoNonlocal class
 InfoNonlocal::InfoNonlocal() {}
 InfoNonlocal::~InfoNonlocal() {}
diff --git a/source/source_cell/test_pw/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_cell/test_pw/CMakeLists.txt
index 9bcfd022101..5d2c7196abd 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/test_pw/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_cell/test_pw/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ AddTest(
   SOURCES unitcell_test_pw.cpp ../unitcell.cpp ../read_atoms.cpp ../read_atoms_helper.cpp ../atom_spec.cpp ../update_cell.cpp ../bcast_cell.cpp
 	../atom_pseudo.cpp ../pseudo.cpp ../read_pp.cpp ../read_pp_complete.cpp ../read_pp_upf201.cpp ../read_pp_upf100.cpp
   ../read_stru.cpp   ../read_atom_species.cpp
-	../read_pp_vwr.cpp ../read_pp_blps.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+	../read_pp_vwr.cpp ../read_pp_blps.cpp
   ../../source_estate/read_pseudo.cpp ../../source_estate/cal_nelec_nband.cpp
   ../../source_estate/read_orb.cpp    ../print_cell.cpp
   ../../source_estate/cal_wfc.cpp  ../sep.cpp   ../sep_cell.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_cell/unitcell.cpp b/source/source_cell/unitcell.cpp
index f2c15102748..f92b37b1f8d 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/unitcell.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/unitcell.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "unitcell.h"
 #include "bcast_cell.h"
 #include "source_base/tool_quit.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 #include "source_io/module_parameter/parameter.h"
 #include "source_cell/read_stru.h"
 #include "source_base/atom_in.h"
diff --git a/source/source_cell/unitcell.h b/source/source_cell/unitcell.h
index df426712b47..3bdb067b7af 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/unitcell.h
+++ b/source/source_cell/unitcell.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "source_base/global_function.h"
 #include "source_cell/sep_cell.h"
-#include "source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "source_cell/magnetism.h"
 #include "module_symmetry/symmetry.h"
 #include "source_cell/module_neighlist/atom_provider.h"
 
diff --git a/source/source_cell/update_cell.cpp b/source/source_cell/update_cell.cpp
index 4da4013d6af..0252bdc3b38 100644
--- a/source/source_cell/update_cell.cpp
+++ b/source/source_cell/update_cell.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "update_cell.h"
 #include "bcast_cell.h"
 #include "source_base/global_function.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 
 namespace unitcell
 {
diff --git a/source/source_estate/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_estate/CMakeLists.txt
index d360a52c42b..0e2e18f72dc 100644
--- a/source/source_estate/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_estate/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ list(APPEND objects
     module_charge/symmetry_rho.cpp
     module_charge/symmetry_rhog.cpp
     fp_energy.cpp
-    magnetism.cpp
     occupy.cpp
     cal_ux.cpp
     read_orb.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_estate/module_charge/charge.cpp b/source/source_estate/module_charge/charge.cpp
index 32d0b4f8356..fbc2c1d503a 100644
--- a/source/source_estate/module_charge/charge.cpp
+++ b/source/source_estate/module_charge/charge.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include "source_base/timer.h"
 #include "source_base/tool_threading.h"
 #include "source_cell/unitcell.h"
-#include "source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "source_cell/magnetism.h"
 #include "source_hamilt/module_xc/xc_functional.h"
 #include "source_io/module_parameter/parameter.h"
 
diff --git a/source/source_estate/module_charge/charge_init.cpp b/source/source_estate/module_charge/charge_init.cpp
index ed3c62b0fc1..470728fb780 100644
--- a/source/source_estate/module_charge/charge_init.cpp
+++ b/source/source_estate/module_charge/charge_init.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "source_base/parallel_reduce.h"
 #include "source_base/timer.h"
 #include "source_base/tool_threading.h"
-#include "source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "source_cell/magnetism.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/parallel_grid.h"
 #include "source_io/module_output/cube_io.h"
 #include "source_io/module_chgpot/rhog_io.h"
diff --git a/source/source_estate/module_dm/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_estate/module_dm/test/CMakeLists.txt
index bb95272936c..d67deb40936 100644
--- a/source/source_estate/module_dm/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_estate/module_dm/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ AddTest(
   ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_lcao/module_hcontainer/hcontainer.cpp
   ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_lcao/module_hcontainer/atom_pair.cpp
   ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_basis/module_ao/parallel_orbitals.cpp
-  ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+
 )
 
 AddTest(
diff --git a/source/source_estate/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_estate/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 2f9543cae11..7aae00ec1b3 100644
--- a/source/source_estate/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_estate/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ AddTest(
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_ESTATE_elecstate_magnetism
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device
-  SOURCES elecstate_magnetism_test.cpp ../magnetism.cpp
+  SOURCES elecstate_magnetism_test.cpp ../../source_cell/magnetism.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_ESTATE_charge_test
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} planewave_serial base device cell_info 
   SOURCES charge_test.cpp ../module_charge/charge.cpp
-    ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+
 )
 
 AddTest(
@@ -95,14 +95,14 @@ AddTest(
   SOURCES charge_mixing_test.cpp  
   ../module_charge/charge_mixing.cpp ../module_charge/charge_mixing_dmr.cpp ../module_charge/charge_mixing_residual.cpp
   ../module_charge/charge_mixing_preconditioner.cpp ../module_charge/charge_mixing_rho.cpp
-  ../module_charge/charge_mixing_uspp.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  ../module_charge/charge_mixing_uspp.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_ESTATE_charge_extra
   LIBS parameter ${math_libs} base device cell_info
   SOURCES charge_extra_test.cpp ../module_charge/charge_extra.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/read_cube.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/write_cube.cpp
-  ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp ../../source_base/module_fft/fft_bundle.cpp ../../source_base/module_fft/fft_cpu.cpp
+ ../../source_base/module_fft/fft_bundle.cpp ../../source_base/module_fft/fft_cpu.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
diff --git a/source/source_estate/test/elecstate_magnetism_test.cpp b/source/source_estate/test/elecstate_magnetism_test.cpp
index 2d92f80ea02..0765591db65 100644
--- a/source/source_estate/test/elecstate_magnetism_test.cpp
+++ b/source/source_estate/test/elecstate_magnetism_test.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 */
 
 #define private public
-#include "source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "source_cell/magnetism.h"
 #undef private
 Charge::Charge()
 {
diff --git a/source/source_io/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_io/CMakeLists.txt
index 6073f10a7df..f59ca4cf4fe 100644
--- a/source/source_io/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_io/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ list(APPEND objects
     module_bessel/numerical_basis.cpp
     module_bessel/numerical_basis_jyjy.cpp
     module_bessel/numerical_descriptor.cpp
-    module_output/output.cpp
     module_output/print_info.cpp
     module_output/read_cube.cpp
     module_chgpot/rhog_io.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_io/module_json/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_io/module_json/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 288009206ee..35b4db113fc 100644
--- a/source/source_io/module_json/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_io/module_json/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_IO_JSON_OUTPUT_TEST
   LIBS parameter ${math_libs} base device cell_info 
   SOURCES para_json_test.cpp ../general_info.cpp ../init_info.cpp ../readin_info.cpp 
-  ../para_json.cpp ../abacusjson.cpp ../../module_output/output.cpp 
+  ../para_json.cpp ../abacusjson.cpp 
 )
diff --git a/source/source_io/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_io/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 6dd23247472..7e95a0379ee 100644
--- a/source/source_io/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_io/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ add_test(NAME MODULE_IO_read_exit_file_test_para_4
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_IO_output_test
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device
-  SOURCES output_test.cpp ../module_output/output.cpp
+  SOURCES output_test.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ AddTest(
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_IO_write_eig_occ_test
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device symmetry
-  SOURCES write_eig_occ_test.cpp ../module_energy/write_eig_occ.cpp ../module_output/output.cpp ../../source_cell/parallel_kpoints.cpp ../../source_cell/klist.cpp ../../source_cell/k_vector_utils.cpp
+  SOURCES write_eig_occ_test.cpp ../module_energy/write_eig_occ.cpp ../../source_cell/parallel_kpoints.cpp ../../source_cell/klist.cpp ../../source_cell/k_vector_utils.cpp
 		../module_output/cif_io.cpp
 )
 
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ AddTest(
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_IO_write_dos_pw
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device symmetry
-  SOURCES write_dos_pw_test.cpp ../module_dos/cal_dos.cpp ../module_dos/write_dos_pw.cpp ../module_output/output.cpp ../../source_cell/parallel_kpoints.cpp ../../source_cell/klist.cpp ../module_energy/nscf_fermi_surf.cpp ../../source_cell/k_vector_utils.cpp
+  SOURCES write_dos_pw_test.cpp ../module_dos/cal_dos.cpp ../module_dos/write_dos_pw.cpp ../../source_cell/parallel_kpoints.cpp ../../source_cell/klist.cpp ../module_energy/nscf_fermi_surf.cpp ../../source_cell/k_vector_utils.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_IO_print_info
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device symmetry cell_info
-  SOURCES print_info_test.cpp ../module_output/print_info.cpp ../module_output/output.cpp ../../source_cell/klist.cpp ../../source_cell/parallel_kpoints.cpp ../../source_cell/k_vector_utils.cpp
+  SOURCES print_info_test.cpp ../module_output/print_info.cpp ../../source_cell/klist.cpp ../../source_cell/parallel_kpoints.cpp ../../source_cell/k_vector_utils.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ add_test(NAME MODULE_IO_write_wfc_nao_para
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_IO_write_orb_info
   LIBS parameter  ${math_libs} base device cell_info
-  SOURCES write_orb_info_test.cpp ../module_output/write_orb_info.cpp ../module_output/output.cpp
+  SOURCES write_orb_info_test.cpp ../module_output/write_orb_info.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ add_test(NAME MODULE_IO_orb_io_test_parallel
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_IO_write_dmk
   LIBS parameter ${math_libs} base device cell_info
-  SOURCES ../module_dm/test/write_dmk_test.cpp ../module_dm/write_dmk.cpp ../module_output/output.cpp ../module_output/ucell_io.cpp
+  SOURCES ../module_dm/test/write_dmk_test.cpp ../module_dm/write_dmk.cpp ../module_output/ucell_io.cpp
 )
 
 add_test(
diff --git a/source/source_io/test/bessel_basis_test.cpp b/source/source_io/test/bessel_basis_test.cpp
index 6224bf35c0e..2a185949b4b 100644
--- a/source/source_io/test/bessel_basis_test.cpp
+++ b/source/source_io/test/bessel_basis_test.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "../module_bessel/bessel_basis.h"
 #include "../../source_cell/unitcell.h"
-#include "../../source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "../../source_cell/magnetism.h"
 
 #ifdef __LCAO
 #include "../../source_cell/setup_nonlocal.h"
diff --git a/source/source_io/test/for_testing_klist.h b/source/source_io/test/for_testing_klist.h
index 8fe875fa587..18c42a2753d 100644
--- a/source/source_io/test/for_testing_klist.h
+++ b/source/source_io/test/for_testing_klist.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "source_cell/pseudo.h"
 #include "source_cell/setup_nonlocal.h"
 #include "source_cell/unitcell.h"
-#include "source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "source_cell/magnetism.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/vl_pw.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/vnl_pw.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/parallel_grid.h"
diff --git a/source/source_io/test/output_test.cpp b/source/source_io/test/output_test.cpp
index 769898339fc..7f1cc250313 100644
--- a/source/source_io/test/output_test.cpp
+++ b/source/source_io/test/output_test.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ T* get_simple_array(int num)
 	return rand_array;
 }
 
-#include "../module_output/output.h"
+#include "../../source_base/output.h"
 
 class OutputTest : public testing::Test
 {
diff --git a/source/source_io/test/to_qo_test.cpp b/source/source_io/test/to_qo_test.cpp
index fcb9bb9b249..0f23e49c742 100644
--- a/source/source_io/test/to_qo_test.cpp
+++ b/source/source_io/test/to_qo_test.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include "source_io/module_qo/to_qo.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 #define private public
 #include "source_io/module_parameter/parameter.h"
 #undef private
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ Magnetism::~Magnetism() {}
 InfoNonlocal::InfoNonlocal() {}
 InfoNonlocal::~InfoNonlocal() {}
 #endif
-void output::printM3(std::ofstream &ofs, const std::string &description, const ModuleBase::Matrix3 &m) {}
 
 void define_fcc_cell(UnitCell& ucell)
 {    
diff --git a/source/source_io/test_serial/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_io/test_serial/CMakeLists.txt
index aaa170883e0..e7444b98922 100644
--- a/source/source_io/test_serial/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_io/test_serial/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ AddTest(
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_IO_rho_io
   LIBS parameter ${math_libs} base device cell_info 
-  SOURCES rho_io_test.cpp ../module_output/read_cube.cpp ../module_output/write_cube.cpp ../module_output/output.cpp
+  SOURCES rho_io_test.cpp ../module_output/read_cube.cpp ../module_output/write_cube.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(
diff --git a/source/source_lcao/module_deepks/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_lcao/module_deepks/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 2a1dae6e6db..6e5926f5b34 100644
--- a/source/source_lcao/module_deepks/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_lcao/module_deepks/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ add_executable(
     ../../../source_cell/sep.cpp
     ../../../source_cell/sep_cell.cpp
     ../../../source_pw/module_pwdft/soc.cpp
-    ../../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+
     ../../../source_io/module_output/sparse_matrix.cpp
     ../../../source_estate/read_pseudo.cpp
     ../../../source_estate/cal_wfc.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_lcao/module_dftu/dftu.cpp b/source/source_lcao/module_dftu/dftu.cpp
index e4ef6ed357f..ff06003c43d 100644
--- a/source/source_lcao/module_dftu/dftu.cpp
+++ b/source/source_lcao/module_dftu/dftu.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include "source_base/inverse_matrix.h"
 #include "source_base/memory_recorder.h"
 #include "source_base/timer.h"
-#include "source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "source_cell/magnetism.h"
 #include "source_estate/module_charge/charge.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
diff --git a/source/source_lcao/module_dftu/dftu_force.cpp b/source/source_lcao/module_dftu/dftu_force.cpp
index a2b6ffca4bf..3c2f2608abe 100644
--- a/source/source_lcao/module_dftu/dftu_force.cpp
+++ b/source/source_lcao/module_dftu/dftu_force.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "source_base/parallel_reduce.h"
 #include "source_base/timer.h"
 #include "source_estate/elecstate_lcao.h"
-#include "source_estate/magnetism.h"
+#include "source_cell/magnetism.h"
 #include "source_estate/module_charge/charge.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
diff --git a/source/source_lcao/module_ri/module_exx_symmetry/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_lcao/module_ri/module_exx_symmetry/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 822bd6afde6..c896b729bb3 100644
--- a/source/source_lcao/module_ri/module_exx_symmetry/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_lcao/module_ri/module_exx_symmetry/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ AddTest(
   LIBS base ${math_libs} device symmetry neighbor parameter
   SOURCES symmetry_rotation_test.cpp ../symmetry_rotation.cpp ../symmetry_rotation_output.cpp ../irreducible_sector.cpp ../irreducible_sector_bvk.cpp
   ../../../../source_basis/module_ao/parallel_orbitals.cpp
-  ../../../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+
 )
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/source_lcao/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_lcao/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 483430f4f7f..9d0eb552143 100644
--- a/source/source_lcao/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_lcao/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ AddTest(
     ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_io/module_output/sparse_matrix.cpp
     ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_io/module_output/csr_reader.cpp
     ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_io/module_output/file_reader.cpp
-    ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+
     ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_io/module_dm/write_dmr.cpp
     ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_io/module_output/ucell_io.cpp
     ${ABACUS_SOURCE_DIR}/source_lcao/module_hcontainer/output_hcontainer.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_md/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_md/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 3ff705c4f4a..f7b917b1810 100644
--- a/source/source_md/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_md/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ list(APPEND depend_files
   ../../source_cell/module_neighlist/bin_manager.cpp
   ../../source_cell/module_neighlist/page_allocator.cpp
   ../../source_cell/module_neighlist/unitcell_lite.cpp
-  ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  ../../source_base/output.cpp
   ../../source_io/module_output/output_log.cpp
   ../../source_io/module_output/print_info.cpp
   ../../source_io/module_output/cif_io.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ AddTest(
   SOURCES nhchain_test.cpp
   ../md_base.cpp
   ../nhchain.cpp
-  ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  ../../source_base/output.cpp
   ${depend_files}
 )
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ AddTest(
   ../md_base.cpp
   ../msst.cpp
   ../../source_cell/update_cell.cpp
-  ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+  ../../source_base/output.cpp
   ${depend_files}
 )
 
diff --git a/source/source_psi/test/psi_initializer_unit_test.cpp b/source/source_psi/test/psi_initializer_unit_test.cpp
index 6ede4ce8928..f095d3ed900 100644
--- a/source/source_psi/test/psi_initializer_unit_test.cpp
+++ b/source/source_psi/test/psi_initializer_unit_test.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "../psi_init_random.h"
 #include "source_pw/module_pwdft/vl_pw.h"
 #include "source_cell/klist.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 
 /*
 =========================
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ pseudopot_cell_vl::pseudopot_cell_vl() {}
 pseudopot_cell_vl::~pseudopot_cell_vl() {}
 Magnetism::Magnetism() {}
 Magnetism::~Magnetism() {}
-void output::printM3(std::ofstream &ofs, const std::string &description, const ModuleBase::Matrix3 &m) {}
 #ifdef __LCAO
 ORB_gaunt_table::ORB_gaunt_table() {}
 ORB_gaunt_table::~ORB_gaunt_table() {}
diff --git a/source/source_pw/module_pwdft/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_pw/module_pwdft/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 2699d58998b..a2e1fef4b8a 100644
--- a/source/source_pw/module_pwdft/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_pw/module_pwdft/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ AddTest(
 	LIBS parameter ${math_libs} base device planewave
 	SOURCES structure_factor_test.cpp ../structure_factor.cpp ../parallel_grid.cpp
 	../../../source_cell/unitcell.cpp
-	../../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+
 	../../../source_cell/update_cell.cpp
 	../../../source_cell/bcast_cell.cpp
 	../../../source_cell/print_cell.cpp
diff --git a/source/source_pw/module_pwdft/vnl_pw.cpp b/source/source_pw/module_pwdft/vnl_pw.cpp
index 2ffb77aa28b..cfbee7933fe 100644
--- a/source/source_pw/module_pwdft/vnl_pw.cpp
+++ b/source/source_pw/module_pwdft/vnl_pw.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include "source_base/global_variable.h"
 #include "source_base/math_integral.h"
 #include "source_base/math_polyint.h"
-#include "source_io/module_output/output.h"
+#include "source_base/output.h"
 #include "source_base/math_sphbes.h"
 #include "source_base/math_ylmreal.h"
 #include "source_base/memory_recorder.h"
diff --git a/source/source_relax/test/CMakeLists.txt b/source/source_relax/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 3e7d7e8f31d..a85d067d95d 100644
--- a/source/source_relax/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/source_relax/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ AddTest(
     ../../source_base/global_function.cpp ../../source_base/complexmatrix.cpp ../../source_base/matrix.cpp
     ../../source_base/complexarray.cpp ../../source_base/tool_quit.cpp ../../source_base/realarray.cpp
     ../../source_base/module_external/blas_connector_base.cpp ../../source_base/module_external/blas_connector_vector.cpp ../../source_base/module_external/blas_connector_matrix.cpp
-    ../../source_cell/update_cell.cpp ../../source_cell/print_cell.cpp  ../../source_cell/bcast_cell.cpp ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
+    ../../source_cell/update_cell.cpp ../../source_cell/print_cell.cpp  ../../source_cell/bcast_cell.cpp ../../source_base/output.cpp
     LIBS parameter ${math_libs} 
 )
 
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ list(APPEND cell_source_files
     ../../source_cell/update_cell.cpp
     ../../source_cell/bcast_cell.cpp
     ../../source_cell/print_cell.cpp
-    ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
 )
 AddTest(
   TARGET MODULE_RELAX_lattice_change_methods_test
@@ -104,7 +103,6 @@ AddTest(
           ../../source_io/module_output/orb_io.cpp
           ../../source_cell/bcast_cell.cpp
           ../../source_cell/print_cell.cpp
-          ../../source_io/module_output/output.cpp
 )
 
 AddTest(